This is a great chart on the Social Analytics Lifecycle by Chuck Hemann and Ken Burbary. It shows how companies can use social networks to discover crucial data, share it with the appropriate corporate function and make improvements that will eventually increase revenue.
Often I meet with clients who are just starting to understand the potential of monitoring their brand online to discover ways that they can improve their products and customer service.
When listening to your clients or monitoring your target audience online, the key is to capture the right data and motivate your teams to share essential information internally.